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全国英语等级考试三级备考资料阅读赏析五

Medicines May Soon Come in the Form of Food
If Western people think they are healthy eaters,they will have to think again.The no cholesterol,low-fat,high-fiber,calcium-enriched,sugar-less,peservative-additive-color-free-with-added-vitamins diet is about to become a passing fashion.The new“buzz word”in the food industry is nutraceuticals-foods that provide medical benefits as well as traditional nutrients.
“Imagine a supermarket where each food category is subdivided into categories for those consumers who have back problems,are at risk from cardiovascular disease,obesity,arthritis and other diseases,”says Mark Braman,president of the American food company Omega Tech.“Imagine great-tasting foods that help protect the body from major diseases and environmental damage.”
That vision is starting to become a reality.Last year in Britain,the chemical company Roche launched Startup,a fruit juice that contains twice as many vitamins as milk.Multinational food giant Nestle is marketing a yogurt fortified with ingredients that rid the body of bacteria.
In the new millennium,natural foods won’t be able to compete with bio-engineered and processed foods.The lycopene discovery is a case in point.Processed tomato products containing oil that facilitates the absorption of lycopene are better than eating the real thing,raw tomatoes.
The conventional wisdom,however,is that,if you have a well-balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables,you’ll get all the vitamins and minerals and nutrients you need for a healthy body.Supplements,nutritionists often claim,are a waste of money.
According to Dr Sheldon Saul Hendler,nutritional adviser to the US Olympic Committee,vitamin and mineral deficiencies occur in healthy individuals eating generally adequate diets.In The Doctor’s Vitamin and Mineral Encyclopedia,he writes:“There is growing evidence that substances in our‘well-balanced’diets contribute to cancer and other degenerative diseases.A vitamin and mineral supplement is recommended for even healthy individuals as a key element in the prevention of many of these degenerative diseases.”
The trick is to know which vitamins and minerals you need to supplement.Some of that guesswork may be eliminated by the introduction of more vitamin and mineral-enriched foods.In Australia,scientists want to lace beer with thiamine(vitamin B1)to reduce the instance of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,a potentially fatal brain disorder found in heavy drinkers.
Vitamin and mineral-enriched foods,however,may also create problems through over-dosing and interaction.The optimal dose for many vitamins and minerals is unknown and some can be toxic in high doses.If you find yourself unaccountably laughing,for instance,you could be overdosing on manganese.Manganese madness is a recognized disorder that can produce manic states followed by deep depression.
As nutraceuticals or functional foods start to fill the supermarket shelves,it will become harder to work out exactly what dosage of vitamins and minerals we are ingesting or what effect it is having on us.The line between food and medicine will become increasingly blurred,and the health claims more imaginative.Most food companies are reluctant to have their product categorized as a medicine,because of the requirement for expensive research and lengthy clinical trials.In the US and Europe,nutraceuticals exist in a regulatory twilight zone.Problems aside,though,the mew revolution in food could produce some useful lifestyle products.
参考译文:
药物很快就会以食物的形式出现。
如果西方人认为他们是健康的食客,他们将不得不重新考虑。不含胆固醇、低脂肪、高纤维、富钙、无糖、无色素、不添加维生素的食物即将成为时尚。食品工业中新的“流行词”是营养品——提供医疗益处和传统营养的食物。
美国食品公司Omega Tech的总裁马克·布拉曼说:“设想一下,在超市里,每种食物都被细分为那些有背部问题、有患心血管疾病、肥胖症、关节炎和其他疾病的风险的消费者。有助于保护身体免受重大疾病和环境破坏的食品。
这一愿景正开始成为现实。去年,在英国,化学公司Roche推出了Startup,一种含有两倍于牛奶的维生素的果汁。跨国食品巨头雀巢公司正在销售一种添加了除菌成分的酸奶。
在新的千年里,天然食品将无法与生物工程和加工食品竞争。番茄红素的发现是一个很好的例子。含有促进番茄红素吸收的油的加工番茄产品比食用真正的生番茄要好。
然而,传统的观点是,如果你有一个均衡的饮食与足够的水果和蔬菜,你会得到所有维生素,矿物质和营养你需要一个健康的身体。营养学家经常声称补充剂是浪费金钱。
根据美国奥委会营养顾问谢尔登·索尔·亨德勒博士的说法,健康人通常饮食充足,就会出现维生素和矿物质缺乏症。在《维他命和矿物质百科全书》中,他写道:“越来越多的证据表明,我们的‘均衡’饮食中的物质会导致癌症和其他变性疾病。维生素和矿物质补充剂被推荐给甚至健康的个人,作为预防许多这些退行性疾病的关键要素。”
诀窍是知道你需要补充哪些维生素和矿物质。通过引入更多的维他命和富含矿物质的食物,可以消除一些猜测。在澳大利亚,科学家们想在啤酒中加入硫胺素(维生素B1)来减少Wernicke-Korsakoff综合症(一种在酗酒者中发现的可能致命的大脑疾病)的发生。
然而,维生素和富含矿物质的食物也可能通过过过过量服用和交互作用产生问题。许多维生素和矿物质的最佳剂量是未知的,一些可能是有毒的高剂量。例如,如果你发现自己无缘无故地笑,你可能会过量服用锰。锰中毒是一种公认的疾病,可以产生躁狂状态继之以深度抑郁症。
随着营养品或功能性食品开始在超市的货架上堆满,要精确地计算出我们摄取的维生素和矿物质的剂量或者它对我们有什么影响将变得更加困难。食品和医药之间的界限将越来越模糊,健康声明将更具想象力。大多数食品公司不愿意将其产品归类为药品,因为需要昂贵的研究和漫长的临床试验。在美国和欧洲,保健品存在于监管的黄昏地带。撇开问题不谈,食品的新革命可能会产生一些有用的生活方式产品。

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